Cancer as an Insufficiency of Cellular Energy (ICE): Therapeutic Approaches Based on Enhancing the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway

In spite of the expenditure of many billions of dollars, cancer will soon become the major cause of human death other than aging [1]. Much of the funding allocated to cancer research has merely sustained the vested interests of those promoting the use of chemotherapeutic drugs designed to selectively kill cancer cells [2]. Incremental advances in understanding the biochemistry of cancer cells are used to justify major investments in developing new compounds; most of which have only marginal additional benefits over existing drugs. Virtually all chemotherapeutic drugs have toxic side effects, which are sometimes only belatedly recognized. These can include impaired cognition (chemo-brain) [3] and the induction of new cancers [4].